IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is
the world’s largest international environmental protection organization established to protect the world’s resources and nature.
IUCN works with a wide range of stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, scientists, and environmental activists, to conserve ecosystems and respond to climate change.
IUCN is famous for evaluating and announcing the extinction risk status of various species through the IUCN Red List.
This Red List is widely used as a standard for indicating the conservation status of species and provides scientific basis for species conservation.
Since its first publication in 1994, the above categories and criteria have been established through continuous revision.
All species are classified into a total of 9 and listed on the Red List.
EX | Extinct – The species is completely extinct on Earth, with no surviving individuals in the wild or in captivity.
EW | Extinct in the Wild – The species is completely extinct in the wild, and only survives in captivity or in artificial environments.
CR | Critically Endangered – The species is critically endangered, with a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
EN | Endangered – The species is at high risk of extinction, with populations declining rapidly or habitat loss.
VU | Vulnerable – The species is at risk of extinction, with a high probability of extinction in the future without continued management.
NT | Near Threatened – The species is not currently endangered, but its population may be declining to the point where it is nearing extinction.
LC | Least Concern – The species is at relatively low risk of extinction, and its population is stable or increasing, so there are few threats.
DD | Data Deficient – There is not enough information about the species to assess its extinction risk.
NE | Not Evaluated – The species has not been evaluated and is not eligible for an IUCN rating.
The IUCN considers species to be endangered starting from the VU level. The Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), and Critically Endangered (CR) levels represent increasingly higher levels of extinction risk. **Near Threatened (NT)** means that while not yet included in the critical stage, it could be brought closer to extinction in the future, so caution is advised.
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